Out-of-step protection is a critical component of modern power system protection schemes—its importance has grown ...

The National Electrical Code (NEC) requirements for overvoltage protection can be found in Art. 242. This Article is new with the 2020 NEC, and it replaces Art. 280 and Art. 285. Those Articles ...

Electrical substations utilize direct lightning stroke shielding to help ensure proper operation, and to prevent costly damages and extended outages. While modern substation designs and equipment make ...

Renewable energy systems, especially solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, are here to stay. As such, the fire investigation community must adapt to this technology, similar to what had to be done with ...