Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce extremely human-like communication, but their inner workings are something of a mystery. Not a mystery in the sense that we don’t know how an LLM works, but a ...

AI systems now operate on a very large scale. Modern deep learning models contain billions of parameters and are trained on large datasets. Therefore, they produce strong accuracy. However, their ...

AI black box models lack transparency, making investment decisions unclear. White box models are slower but clarify their decision-making processes. Investors should verify AI outputs to align with ...

The following essay is reprinted with permission from The Conversation, an online publication covering the latest research. For some people, the term “black box” brings to mind the recording devices ...