Consciousness may emerge not from code, but from the way living brains physically compute.

The familiar fight between “mind as software” and “mind as biology” may be a false choice. This work proposes biological computationalism: the idea that brains compute, but not in the abstract, symbol ...

Research reveals why AI systems can't become conscious—and what radically different computing substrates would be needed to bridge the gap.

A new theoretical framework argues that the long-standing split between computational functionalism and biological naturalism misses how real brains actually compute.

Right now, the debate about consciousness often feels frozen between two entrenched positions. On one side sits computational functionalism, which treats cognition as something you can fully explain ...

When René Descartes watched a mechanical figure move with lifelike precision in the 17th century, the scene unsettled him.

A new theoretical study argues that many standard beliefs about consciousness are rooted in a misleading concept of how the ...