Artificial intelligence grows more demanding every year. Modern models learn and operate by pushing huge volumes of data through repeated matrix operations that sit at the heart of every neural ...

Mueller matrix polarimetry offers a quantitative approach to study the polarization properties of light as it interacts with biological tissues. By capturing the full 4 × 4 Mueller matrix, researchers ...

In almost any force sensor application, forces other than the one(s) being measured will be present. These extraneous forces will invariably cause errors in the measured values through what is called ...