During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...
The Shannon–Hartley theorem provides a tool to quantify the information content of analog data. The theorem prescribes that unpredictability — the element of surprise — is the property that defines ...
The demand to increase energy efficiency in electrical products is driving the development of more accurate measurement instruments. Modern instruments now can quantify incremental gains made as ...