Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...

In this paper, first, we apply the successive approximations method in terms of midpoint quadrature formula to solve nonlinear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of ...

Nyström's method with the trapezoidal rule, and the Fourier method, produce the same approximation to the solution of an integral equation at the collocation points ...

Approximation theory and asymptotic methods form a foundational framework that bridges classical ideas with modern numerical analysis, enabling researchers to obtain practical, near‐optimal solutions ...