Operational amplifiers (commonly called op amps) are a ubiquitous building block for designing electronic circuits. Today, these devices are fabricated as small integrated circuits, but the concept ...

Maybe you are familiar with the op-amp as an extremely versatile component, and you know how to quickly construct a huge variety of circuits with one. Maybe you even have a favorite op-amp or two for ...

Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

One of the biggest problems for designers of op-amp circuitry arises when the circuit must be operated from a single supply, rather than ± 15 V. This application note provides working circuit examples ...

Native SPICE elements that accurately replicate an op amp’s real-world behavior were nonexistent. A transconductance sourcing current from the rails and transitioning to a resistive state as the ...