For the production of highly efficient solar cells, efficient charge carrier extraction is essential, and to enhance charge extraction, electron and hole extraction layers are routinely incorporated ...

How it works: the top frequency comb is passed through a sample of interest and then into a beamsplitter. The bottom frequency comb operates at a slightly different pulse repetition frequency and is ...

NIR spectroscopy concerns the analysis of how NIR light and matter interact. In spectroscopic analysis, light is determined by the wavelength, not by the applied energy. The wavelength of light is ...