(Nanowerk Spotlight) Advanced electronics manufacturing demands precise control over multiple layers of functional materials. Each layer - whether conducting electricity, emitting light, or processing ...

Researchers at the University of Konstanz have developed a gentle, contact-free method to collect liquids and remove them ...

(a) Unit optimization process with a hybrid continuous-discrete PSO algorithm. The particulars of the yellow and green boxes in the optimization are elaborated in (b) and (c), respectively. (b) The ...

Irregularities on a surface determine how rough it is. Surface roughness can be evaluated by visual appearances and tactile sensation and can be measured using a numerical scale. A surface condition ...

Almost a century ago the concept of measuring surface roughness started as a way to stop disputes and uncertainty between buyers and manufacturers. Today, it is a common identifier that is utilized ...