Cut into the trunk of a pine tree, and you will see a familiar series of concentric rings, each corresponding to a season of growth. But not all stumps tell the same story. A study published in ...

The system could also work in reverse, showing how other aspects of a structure should be altered in order to utilize a given tree fork for a specific node. In the next step of the process, another ...

Large-scale satellite data has shown that while large trees expand their crown during the dry season, small trees drop leaves – possibly due to limited light availability in the shaded understory. A ...