Troubleshooting refrigeration equipment often requires measuring various electrical properties such as voltages, current flows, and resistances. Understanding these basic electrical fundamentals and ...

The LM4041 has been around for over 20 years. During those decades, while primarily marketed as a precision adjustable shunt regulator, this classic device also found its way into alternative ...

When taking measurements from analog sensors located at long distances, voltage drops and noise can affect precision of the readings. Therefore, a voltage-to-current (V/I) module is needed to transmit ...

It has long been known that the simple combination of a depletion-mode MOSFET (and before these were available, a JFET) and a resistor made a simple, serviceable current source such as that seen on ...

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation demonstrated the largest absolute growth of all renewable technologies in 2022, surpassing wind for the first time in history, according to the International ...

There are times when you need to bias a low-current load and simply didn’t want to add another voltage regulator, or where you need a reasonable level of voltage accuracy, so a simple voltage divider ...

Many embedded systems require a stable, low-noise DC reference. This reference can be a stable current or voltage source. These references are used in many ways. Some typical uses are listed as ...

So we know from a previous video that electricity is the flow of electrons between atoms. These electrons can move about randomly. So we use voltage to push the electrons around a circuit. And when we ...