Montgomery algorithms represent a transformative advancement in the computation of modular arithmetic, specifically designed to bypass the costly division steps inherent in traditional methods. By ...

I'm sure FPGA logic designers have often heard it said: “We just need to take this number mod 3.” Or maybe something like, “Just round to the nearest hundred.” This latter case really means: “Take the ...

You may never have heard of modular arithmetic, but you use it every day without the slightest difficulty. In this system, numbers wrap around when they reach a certain size called the modulus; it is ...

We extend the work of Richard Crandall et al. to demonstrate how the Discrete Weighted Transform (DWT) can be applied to speed up multiplication modulo any number of ...