Abstract: It is already a consensus that intra-class variations will decline the performance of biometric systems. Many studies have explained how intra-class variations affect the biometric systems, ...

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There are three major ways by which the rate of genetic drift can be modelled in the simplest type of population: increase in variance of allele frequencies; approach to identity by descent of all ...

Following a 10-day trial costing each side an estimated £350,000, the Honourable Mr Justice Michael Green said in his judgment: “It is unfortunate to say the least that this case has had to come to ...

High levels of inherited variation are observed for most traits and in most populations. Variation is maintained partly by mutation and partly by a balance of selective forces; however, we do not know ...